{"id":1606,"date":"2022-07-23T15:41:05","date_gmt":"2022-07-23T15:41:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ganeshrghimire.com\/?page_id=1606"},"modified":"2026-02-02T02:00:48","modified_gmt":"2026-02-02T02:00:48","slug":"journal-papers-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ganeshrghimire.com\/?page_id=1606","title":{"rendered":"Journal Papers"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1606\" class=\"elementor elementor-1606\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7d886ba1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7d886ba1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8ed3771\" data-id=\"8ed3771\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6eeac140 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6eeac140\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><\/p>\n<div class=\"is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[32] Talchabhadel, R., Panthi, J., Pandey, V.P., Rakhal, B., <strong>Ghimire, G.R.<\/strong>, Bista, S., Bhattarai, S., Poudel, S., Bhattarai, Y., Prajapati, R., Thapa, B.R., Nepal, B., and Sharma, S. 2025. Yesterday\u2019s Extremes, Today\u2019s New Normal &#8211; Flood Risk in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. <em><strong>Natural Hazards,\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11069-025-07524-5\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11069-025-07524-5<\/u><\/a><i style=\"font-weight: bold;\">.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>[31] <strong>Ghimire, G.R.<\/strong>, Liu, Y.,\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Parish, E.,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">Gangrade, S., Kao, SC., DeRolph, C., Maguire, K., and\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Jager, H.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">2025: Integrated Modeling driven Evaluation of Opportunities for Climate-Resilient Perennial Biomass Crop Plantings in Flood-Prone Agricultural Landscapes. <\/span><em style=\"font-weight: inherit;\">Journal of Flood Risk Management, <\/em><em>18, e70056,<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfr3.70056\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfr3.70056<\/u><\/a><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">[30] <\/span><strong style=\"font-style: inherit;\">Ghimire, G.R.<\/strong><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">, Kao, S.C., and Gangrade, S. 2025: Enhancing Streamflow Reanalysis Across the Conterminous U.S. Leveraging Multiple Gridded Precipitation Datasets. <\/span><em style=\"font-weight: inherit;\">Water Resources Research,\u00a0<\/em><i>61,\u00a0<\/i><i style=\"font-weight: inherit;\">e2024WR038256.\u00a0<\/i><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-decoration-line: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2024WR038256\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2024WR038256<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[29] Broman, D., Voisin, N., Kao, S.C., Fernandez, A., and <strong>Ghimire, <\/strong><b>G.R<\/b><strong>.<\/strong>\u00a0 2024: Multi-scale impacts of climate change on hydropower for long-term water-energy planning in the contiguous United States. <em>Environmental Research Letters <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ad6ceb\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ad6ceb<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>[28] Turner, S.W.D., <b>Ghimire, G.R.<\/b>, Hansen, C., Singh, D., and Kao, S.C. 2024: Hydropower capacity factors trending down in the United States. <i><b>Nature Communications.<\/b><\/i> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-49553-x\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-49553-x<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[27] Bista, S., Baniya, R., Sharma, S., <strong>Ghimire, G.R.<\/strong>, Panthi, J., Prajapati, R., Thapa, B.R.,\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Talchabhadel, R.<\/span><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\"> 2024: Hydrologic applicability of satellite precipitation estimates for irrigation water management in the data-scarce region. <\/span><em style=\"font-weight: inherit;\">Journal of Hydrology. <\/em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2024.131310\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2024.131310<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">[26] Baniya R., Regmi, R.K., Talchabhadel, R., Sharma, S., Panthi, J.,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold;\">Ghimire, G.R.<\/span><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">, Bista, S., Thapa, B.R., Pradhan, A.M.S., and Tamrakar, J.<\/span><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">\u00a02024: Integrated modeling for assessing climate change impacts on water resources and hydropower potential in the Himalayas.\u00a0<\/span><em><b>Theoretical and Applied Climatology.<\/b><\/em> <a style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; background-color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00704-024-04863-4\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00704-024-04863-4<\/u><\/a><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">[25] Gangrade, S., <\/span><strong style=\"font-style: inherit;\">Ghimire, G.R.<\/strong><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">, Kao, S.C., Morales-Hern\u00e1ndez, M., Tavakoly, A.A., Gutenson, J.L., Sparrow, K.H., Darkwah, G.K., Kalyanapu, A.J., and Follum, M.L. 2022: Unraveling 2021 Central Tennessee flood event using a hierarchical multi-model inundation modeling framework. <\/span><em style=\"font-weight: inherit;\">Journal of Hydrology <\/em><a style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; background-color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2023.130157\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2023.130157<\/u><\/a><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[24] Baniya R., Talchabhadel, R., Panthi, J., <strong>Ghimire, G.R.<\/strong>, Sharma, S., Khadka, P., Shin, S., Pokhrel, Y., Bhattarai, U., Prajapati, R., Thapa, B.R., and Maskey, R.K. 2022: Nepal Himalaya offers considerable potential for pumped storage hydropower.\u00a0<em>Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments<\/em>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seta.2023.103423\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seta.2023.103423<\/u><\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[23] <strong>Ghimire, G.R.<\/strong>, Hansen, C., Gangrade, S., Kao, S.C., Thornton, P., and Singh, D. 2022: Insights from Dayflow: A historical streamflow reanalysis dataset for the Conterminous United States.\u00a0<em>Water Resources Research\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2022WR032312\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2022WR032312<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[22] Sharma, S.,\u00a0<strong>Ghimire, G.R.<\/strong>, and Siddique, R. 2022: Machine Learning for Postprocessing Ensemble Streamflow Forecasts.\u00a0<em>Journal of Hydroinformatics\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/hydro.2022.114\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/hydro.2022.114<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[21] Shrestha R., Rakhal, B., Adhikari, T.R.,\u00a0<strong>Ghimire, G.R.<\/strong>, Talchabhadel, R., Tamang, D., KC, R., and Sharma, S. 2022: Farmers\u2019 Perception of Climate Change and its Impacts on Agriculture.\u00a0<em>Hydrology<\/em>,\u00a0<em>9<\/em>, 212. <u><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/hydrology9120212\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/hydrology9120212<\/a>3<\/u><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[20] Hansen, C.,\u00a0<strong>Ghimire, G.R.<\/strong>, and Kao, S.C. 2022: Evaluation of nominal energy storage at existing hydropower reservoirs in the US.\u00a0<em>Water Resources Research<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2022WR032210\"> <u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2022WR032210<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">[19] Sharma, S., Talchabhadel, R., Nepal, S.,\u00a0<\/span><strong style=\"font-style: inherit;\">Ghimire, G.R.<\/strong><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">, Rakhal, B., Panthi, J., Adhikari, B.R., Pradhanang, S.M., Maskey, S., and Kumar, S. 2022: Increasing risk of cascading hazards in the central Himalayas.\u00a0<\/span><em style=\"font-weight: inherit;\">Natural Hazards<\/em><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">\u00a0<\/span><a style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; background-color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11069-022-05462-0\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11069-022-05462-0<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[18] <strong>Ghimire, G. R.<\/strong>, Krajewski, W.F., Ayalew, T.B., and Goska, R. 2022: Hydrologic investigations of radar-rainfall errors propagation to rainfall-runoff model hydrographs.\u00a0<em>Advances in Water Resources <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.advwatres.2022.104145\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.advwatres.2022.104145<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[17] Sharma, S., Dahal, K., Nava, L., Gouli, M. R., Talchabhadel, R., Panthi, J., Roy, T., and\u00a0<strong>Ghimire, G.R.<\/strong>\u00a02022: Natural Hazards Perspectives on Integrated, Coordinated, Open, Networked (ICON) Science\u00a0<em>Earth and Space Science\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2021EA002114\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2021EA002114<\/u><\/a><em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2021EA002114\">\u00a0<\/a><\/em>(Featured as a Research Spotlight on AGU\u00a0<em>EOS<\/em>\u00a0issue\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/eos.org\/research-spotlights\/icon-principles-underused-as-a-natural-hazards-research-tool\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><u>https:\/\/eos.org\/research-spotlights\/icon-principles-underused-as-a-natural-hazards-research-tool<\/u><\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[16] Krajewski, W.F.,\u00a0<strong>Ghimire, G. R.<\/strong>, Demir, I., and Mantilla, R. 2021: Real-time streamflow forecasting: AI vs. Hydrologic insights.\u00a0<em>Journal of Hydrology X\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hydroa.2021.100110\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hydroa.2021.100110<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[15] Sharma, S.,\u00a0<strong>Ghimire, G.R.<\/strong>, Talchabhadel, R., Panthi, J., Lee, B.S., Sun, F., Baniya, R., and Adhikari, T.R. 2021: Bayesian characterization of uncertainties surrounding fluvial flood hazard estimates.\u00a0<em>Hydrologic Sciences Journal\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02626667.2021.1999959\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02626667.2021.1999959<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[14] <strong>Ghimire, G. R.,\u00a0<\/strong>Jadidoleslam, N., Goska, R., and Krajewski, W.F. 2021: Insights into storm direction effect on flood response.\u00a0<em>Journal of Hydrology\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2021.126683\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2021.126683<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[13] Panthi, J., Talchabhadel, R.,\u00a0<strong>Ghimire, G.R.<\/strong>, Sharma, S., Dahal, P., Baniya, R., Boving, T., Pradhanang, S.M., and Parajuli, B. 2021: Hydrologic regionalization under data scarcity: An implication for streamflow prediction\u00a0<em>ASCE Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1061\/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0002121\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1061\/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0002121<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[12] <strong>Ghimire, G. R.<\/strong>, Krajewski, W.F., and Quintero, F. 2021: Scale-dependent value of QPF for real-time streamflow forecasting.\u00a0<em>Journal of Hydrometeorology,\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/JHM-D-20-0297.1\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/JHM-D-20-0297.1<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[11] Rakhal, B., Sharma, S.,\u00a0<strong>Ghimire, G.R.<\/strong>, Adhikari, T.R., and Shrestha, R. Nepal\u2019s communities brace for multihazard risks.\u00a0<em>EOS,\u00a0<\/em>102,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2021EO159039\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2021EO159039<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[10] Talchabhadel, R.,\u00a0<strong>Ghimire, G.R.<\/strong>, Sharma, S., Dahal, P., Panthi, J., Baniya, R., Pudashine, J., Thapa, B.R., PC, S., and Parajuli, B. 2020: Weather radar in Nepal: Opportunities and challenges in a mountainous region.\u00a0<em>Weather,<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wea.3994\"> <u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wea.3994<\/u><\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[9] Talchabhadel, R., Panthi, J., Sharma, S.,\u00a0<strong>Ghimire, G.R.<\/strong>, Baniya, R., Dahal, P., Baniya, M.P., K.C, S., Jha, B., Kaini, S., Dahal, K., Gnyawali, K.R., Parajuli, B., and Kumar, S. 2021: Insights on the impacts of hydroclimatic extremes and anthropogenic activities on sediment yield of a river basin\u00a0<em>Earth<\/em>,\u00a0<em>2<\/em>(1), 32-50,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/earth2010003\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/earth2010003<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[8] Rakhal, B., Adhikari, T.R., Sharma, S., and\u00a0<strong>Ghimire, G.R.<\/strong>2021:\u00a0Assessment of channel shifting of Karnali Megafan in Nepal using remote sensing and GIS.\u00a0<em>Annals of GIS,<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19475683.2021.1871950\"> <u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19475683.2021.1871950<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[7] <strong>Ghimire, G.R.<\/strong>, DeVantier, B.A., and Sharma, S. 2020: Site-specific sediment deposition model for dredging planning: Case study of Olmstead locks and dam.\u00a0<em>ASCE Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Oceanic Engineering.\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1061\/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000598\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1061\/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000598<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[6] <strong>Ghimire, G. R.<\/strong>, Sharma, S., Panthi, J., Talchabhadel, R., Parajuli, B., Dahal, P., and Baniya, R. 2020: Benchmarking real-time streamflow forecasting skill in the Himalayan region.\u00a0<em>Forecasting<\/em>, 2, 3, 230-247,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/forecast2030013\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/forecast2030013<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[5] <strong>Ghimire, G. R.<\/strong>, and Krajewski, W. F. 2020: Hydrologic implications of wind farm effect on radar\u2010rainfall observations.\u00a0<em>Geophysical Research Letters<\/em>, 47,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2020GL089188\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2020GL089188<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[4] <strong>Ghimire, G. R.<\/strong>, Jadidoleslam, N., Krajewski, W.F., and Tsonis, A. A. 2020: Insights on streamflow predictability across scales using horizontal visibility graph-based networks.\u00a0<em>Frontiers in Water<\/em>, 2, 17, 1-15,\u00a0<a title=\"https:\/\/doi:10.3389\/frwa.2020.00017\" href=\"https:\/\/doi:10.3389\/frwa.2020.00017\"><u>https:\/\/doi:10.3389\/frwa.2020.00017<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[3] Krajewski, W. F.,\u00a0<strong>Ghimire, G. R.<\/strong>, and Quintero, F. 2020: Streamflow forecasting without models.\u00a0<em>Journal of Hydrometeorology<\/em>, 21, 1689-1704,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/JHM-D-19-0292.1\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/JHM-D-19-0292.1<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[2] <strong>Ghimire, G. R.<\/strong>, and W. F. Krajewski, 2020: Exploring persistence in streamflow forecasting.\u00a0<em>Journal of the American Water Resources Association<\/em>, 56, 542\u2013550,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1752-1688.12821\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1752-1688.12821<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[1] <strong>Ghimire, G.R.<\/strong>, W.F. Krajewski, and R. Mantilla. 2018: A power law model for river flow velocity in Iowa basins.\u00a0<em>Journal of the American Water Resources Association<\/em>, 1\u201313,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1752-1688.12665\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1752-1688.12665<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \/wp:columns --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[32] Talchabhadel, R., Panthi, J., Pandey, V.P., Rakhal, B., Ghimire, G.R., Bista, S., Bhattarai, S., Poudel, S., Bhattarai, Y., Prajapati, R., Thapa, B.R., Nepal, B., and Sharma, S. 2025. Yesterday\u2019s Extremes, Today\u2019s New Normal &#8211; Flood Risk in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Natural Hazards,\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11069-025-07524-5. [31] Ghimire, G.R., Liu, Y.,\u00a0Parish, E.,\u00a0Gangrade, S., Kao, SC., DeRolph, C., [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1606","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"[32] Talchabhadel, R., Panthi, J., Pandey, V.P., Rakhal, B., Ghimire, G.R., Bista, S., Bhattarai, S., Poudel, S., Bhattarai, Y., Prajapati, R., Thapa, B.R., Nepal, B., and Sharma, S. 2025. 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